computer terminal, tarminal ek aisa saadhan hai jo input aur output donon ka kaam karata hai vaise to tarminal kaee tarah ke hote hain parantu ham sabase jyaada pae jaane vaale tarminal kee baat karenge isake 2 mukhy bhaag hote hain ek v.d.u.. (visual display unit) aur doosara kee-bord, v.d.u.. ko monitar bhee kaha jaata hai. v.d.u.. ka aakaar ek teleevijan jaisa hota hai isake parde par prograamon ke parinaam ke sandesh aadi dikhae jaate hain. isake saath juda hua kee-bord taiparaitaron ke kee-bord jaisa hee hota hai, parantu ismein batan jyaada hote hain un batanon ke oopar chinh ya sanket likhe rahate hain isase pata chalata hai ki kaun sa batan kis kaam ke lie hai. v.d.u.. do prakaar kee hotee hai ek prakaar kee v.d.u.. sabhee prakaar ke chinh (akshar ank tatha vishesh chinh) dikha saktee hai aur doosaree tarah kee v.d.u.. sabhee prakaar ke graaf, chitr ityaadi dikha saktee hai v.d.u.. ekarangee (monochhromai) tatha vahurangee(multi cholour) bhee hotee hai ekarangee v.d.u. par soochanaen ya graaph keval ek rang mein dikhae ja sakte hain bahurangee v.d.u. ka prayog jyaadaatar graaphiks ke kaary ke lie kiya jaata hai v.d.u. ke parade ka aakaar 8 inch se lekar 20 inch tak hota hai. ismein 25 lainen hotee hai har lain mein 80 cheenee dikhaee ja sakte hain is prakaar ek baar mein skreen par 2000 chinh dikhaee ja sakte hain ismein kuchh hee sekendon ka samay lagata hai. v.d.u. par dikhaee jaane vaalee har soochana ya graahak bahut chhote-chhote chamakeele binduon se banee hotee hai in binduon ko piksal (pixail) kaha jaata hai. v.d.u. ke parde par ek chinh ke baraabar ek chhotee aur chamakeelee doharee lain hotee hai ise karsar (chursor) kahaan jaata hai tarminal ke kee-bord par jab ham kisee chinh vaale batan ko dabaate hain to vah chinh karsar vaalee jagah par ubhar aata hai aur karsar ek sthaan aage badh jaata hai is tarah ek ek akshar ya chinh taip karake ham input kee jaane vaalee soochana ya aadesh taiyaar kar lete hain. yah soochana taiyaar ho jaane par ham ek vishesh batan dabaate hain jisaka naam hai ritarn (raiturn) ya entar (aintair) is batan ko dabaane se skreen par taiyaar kee gaee soochana kampyootar mein chalee jaatee hai. kee-bord par teer ke chinhon vaale bhee kuchh batan hote hain in batanon kee sahaayata se ham karsar ko skreen par kaheen bhee le ja sakte hain daata preshit karate samay hamen teer ke chinhon vaale batanon kee jaroorat padatee hai jinase ham karsar ko oopar neeche ya daen baen kaheen bhee le ja sakte hain v.d.u. tarminal aajakal input output ka ek bahut hee lokapriy aur sabase jyaada pae jaane vaala saadhan hai ismein ham apana input kampyootar mein bhejane se pahale apanee aankho se dekh sakte hain aur apana output bhee vahee turant dekh sakte hain ismein koee steshanaree bhee kharch nahin hotee keval thodee see bijalee kharch hotee hai. v.d.u. par dikhaee jaane vaalee soochana thodee der ke lie hee hotee hai lekin ham usake saath ek chhota sa printer jod sakte hain jo v.d.u. par dikhaee gaee soochanaon ko kaagaj par chhaap deta hai aise printeron ko hard copy upakaran kaha jaata hai. v.d.u. par soochanaen ek rang mein ya kaee rangon mein dikhaee jaatee hai in donon tarah kee v.d.u. ko kantrol karane ke lie alag-alag kantrolar card hote hain jo inheen se kaam lete hain in donon tarah ke kantrol cardon ka parichay yahaan diya gaya hai.
1.monokrom Graphic adaptor
yah card ek rang ki V.D.U. par text daata ya Graphic aautaput dikhaane ki suvidha deta hai screen par soochana dikhaane ka rang kaala – saphed, hara – saphed, ya aasamaanee – safed ho sakata hai text daata ke samay yas screen par 80-80 chinhon ki 25 lainen dikha sakata hai isamen chinhon ke neeche lain khinchane, timatimaane, gahara karane, ulte rang mein dikhaane aadi ki suvidha hoti hai. Graphics ke samay screen par 720×”348 chamakile binduon ya piksalon ko dikha sakata hai. isase chitr bahut saaf dikhaee padata hai kisee kisee bhi V.D.U. mein chamakile binduon ki sankhya 640×200 hoti hai. chamakila bindu screen par ek bahut chhota bindu hota hai lagaataar kaee binduon ke chamakane se ek rekha dikhaee padatee hai.
2.color Graphic adaptor
yah card kaee rangon baale ya ek rang baale V.D.U. ko control karane ke lie prayog kiya jaata hai ek rang ki V.D.U. ke maamale mein yah ek hi rang ko alag alag gaharaee ya halkepan ke saath dikhaata hai jabaki bahurangee V.D.U. par yah 256 alag alag rangon ko ek saath dikha sakata hai. yah do tarah se kaam karata hai text tatha Graphics text dikhaate samay yah pch ke poore chinhon jisamen 256 chinh hote hain ko dikha sakata hai yah screen par 40 ya 80 chinhon baale 25 laine ek saath dikha sakata hai. Graphics ke samay isamen chamakile binduon ki saghanata ya sankhya ek rang ki V.D.U. par 640×480 tatha kaee rangon ki V.D.U. par 320×200 hoti hai chamakile binduon ki sankhya jyaada hone se chitr bhi jyaada saaf najar aata hai.
3.video Graphic adaptor
yah card hajaaro rang baale V.D.U. ko control karane ke lie prayog kiya jaata hai isamen bhi text tatha Graphics donon ek saath dikhae ja sakate hain text dikhaate samay yah color Graphic adaptor ki tarah karya karata hai Graphics ke samay isamen chamakile binduon ki saghanata ya sankhya 640×480 se lekar 1024×768 tak hoti hai isamen chamakile binduon ki sankhya adhik hone se chitr bhi bahut saaf najar aata hai. hamaaree V.D.U. kaisee bhi ho usake aage ki or ki bijalee, chamak aadi ko control karane ke lie soochana batan hote hain inamen se ek svich screen ki bijalee jalaane aur bujhaane ke lie hota hai doosare batan se screen ki chamak jarurat ke anusaar kam ya adhik ki ja sakatee hai aajakal monokrom Graphic adaptor tatha color Graphic adaptor ka prayog lagabhag samaapt ho gaya hai aur keval video Graphic adaptor baale V.D.U. hi uplabd hoti hai.
